Ok, first, get yourself a Haynes Manual for the 911, available on Amazon etc as this will be a considerable help!
Front;
The long 'concertina' rubber bush goes on the strut shaft as per your picture and the long thin and light dust guard tube slides over it. The long bush is FREE to move where it likes. On compression, the bush acts like a rubber shock absorber as the strut compresses under load.
When you hit a pot hole fast the strut will compress quickly and then the rubber bush takes over and compresses so stopping any 'metal-to-metal' contact within the damper.
The damper insert is clamped into the strut with the large round threaded collar.
Note! you must have the right damper insert in the strut, there are 2 types.
Note! the strut is usually full of an oil, and many think the damper unit has failed and all the oil has come out. Not so. Many inc me fill the strut with the insert 'inserted' with simple anti-freeze.
Fill to about 2" of the top and install the threaded collar and tighten.
The fluid transfers heat generated to the strut outer sleeve and cools the unit.
Probably many do not do this anymore, but I do.
Rear:
As the front really. The round bushes are located as you say.
Again, slide the concertina rubber bush down onto the shaft. Drop the dust guard tube over the shaft, add one of the rubber s and feed into the rear cross-member. Fit the 2nd bush, the steel washer (a big thick one) and tighten the nut tight. It will tighten to a dead stop, metal to metal.
At the lower arm end, the end of the damper eye will not align with the threaded hole used to attach it unless you are very lucky.
If the damper is too short carefully jack the arm up so the fixing bolt will thread into the arm. This can be a difficult fit, it will rarely thread in by hand.
If it is too long then gently push the damper up to align the hole and the arm and insert the bolt. Do this slowly as you are compressing the gas in the damper and it takes time for the gas to displace.
Do the bottom bolts to the correct torque!
IMHO, the 911 is a better road car with compliant suspension, too stiff and the car will be a pain, hence suggesting 1/2 way between hard and soft.
This diagram is off a 914-6 but the suspension is essentially the same.
you can see the assembly sequence.
